中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
6G将让世界更紧密******
【专家访谈】
6G将让世界更紧密
——专访中国工程院院士邬江兴
光明日报记者 陈海波 张晓华
在“共建网络世界、共创数字未来”的倡导下,乌镇峰会正在汇聚数字技术创新的最新成果和最新思考。作为未来数字世界的“超级基础设施”,第六代移动通信技术(6G)引人瞩目。6G如何更好地服务世界、造福人类,共创合作共赢的美好明天?记者就此专访了中国工程院院士、复旦大学大数据研究院院长邬江兴。
6G将开启可持续包容发展新范式
4G和5G已经得到广泛应用,6G还有必要研发吗?这是很多人的困惑。
“如果用一句话来形容,6G将改变世界。”邬江兴笃定地告诉记者,这个改变是建设性、包容性的改变,是用科技创新的力量,弥合数字鸿沟、连接信息孤岛、兼顾各方诉求、以智慧化赋能可持续发展。
为何对6G如此自信?邬江兴作了一番比较:6G不仅能提供50倍于5G的峰值传输速率,还可以将4G时代人与人的高速互联、5G时代人与物的广泛连接,拓展到“人机物智”的充分连接、各种制式网络的包容连接、全球范围的无缝连接,助力人类社会实现“万物智联、数字孪生、智慧涌现、健康有序”的美好愿景。
“6G将创建‘底座网络’,也就是构建一个‘网络之网络’、一个‘服务网络的网络基础设施’,可以把各种制式的网络融合到一个全新的基础网络环境里面,支持多种网络体制及业务以应用模态方式共生共存。”邬江兴说,6G将为全球数字未来提供一套“公共服务”,不同诉求将在其上聚集成安全可信、合作多赢的共同体。
作为面向2030年之后全维空间智能网联基础设施的重要支撑技术,6G可实现更为广泛的空天地海连接,实现更高速率的跨界融合与场景智联,提供更具有弹性、韧性、安全内生的基础网络服务。“因此,6G不会再沿袭传统的几近疯狂的追求性能提升的理念,而是着力探索可持续健康发展的新路径、新范式。”邬江兴说。
关于新路径、新范式,邬江兴预测,6G将融合人工智能、卫星互联、新型材料、网络安全、虚拟现实等技术,打造包容、多元、安全、高效的底座网络生态环境,探索和开辟“性能可靠、成本可担、能耗可控、安全可信、效益可期”等多目标协同的可持续包容性网络发展新范式。通过构建全维可定义的开放式体系,不仅能避免网络升级换代成本,而且能够向下兼容,将3G、4G、5G时代的网络设施和服务“无感迁移”到新的网络环境中,还能为各种新兴应用场景、垂直行业提供“即插即用”式的底座网络接口,支持电信运营商、服务提供商以及不同国家和地区基于个性标准或自有体系的个性化、分众化需求,为人类社会提供更丰富多彩、更安全可靠的智慧服务。
发展6G需要突破广义功能安全壁垒
6G要实现广泛应用,一个不能忽视的问题是信息安全。“在看到科技改变生活、改变社会的同时,也要正视可能出现的潜在风险,防范在前。”邬江兴呼吁。
据他介绍,6G将实现各种智能化技术的大规模应用,其中蕴含了“三重安全风险”,表现为共性安全问题、个性安全问题、广义功能安全问题,其根源是网络空间的“漏洞”“后门”问题向物理空间、认知空间外溢,不但会危及人民群众生命财产安全,而且会影响关键基础设施安全、社会安全稳定。
“6G要实现全球化商用,必须突破广义功能安全壁垒,只有实现了安全可信,才能推进6G技术的健康可持续发展。如果技术上不能有效抑制基于‘漏洞’‘后门’等网络攻击,国家安全问题就会成为6G发展难以逾越的鸿沟。”邬江兴说。
当前我国在6G安全领域已经取得了突破性进展,尤其在内生安全领域已获得全球认同。邬江兴指出,内生安全理论解决了网络安全无法量化设计、不能量化评估的世界性难题,让大家对网络安全性能“心中有底”。以内生安全技术为独特禀赋的6G,将直面智能化时代“三重安全风险”,以高可信、高可靠、高可用的创新思路冲破壁垒,为全球网络空间互联互通、共享共治贡献中国智慧和中国方案。
《光明日报》( 2022年11月10日 10版)